Gambling & ADHD: Neurodiversity Connection to Gambling Addiction
Clinical Review by:
Published:
Aug 27, 2024
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07:11 p.m.
ET
In recent years, studies have found that those with gambling addiction also have higher rates of ADHD and other neurodivergent traits. The inverse was also found in the adolescent population, where those diagnosed with ADHD were more likely to display problematic gambling behaviors.
Neurodiversity has become more relevant in the medical world, specifically in the realm of addictive behaviors. It is at times thought of by some as a social justice movement, but has been important in the research of varying neurological capabilities and how clinicians can best manage certain neurological issues and other disabilities. Understanding neurodiversity, ADHD and the connection to gambling addiction may help therapists and other medical professionals develop successful treatment options.
Is there a connection between gambling addiction and ADHD?
There has been an increase in studies over the past decade that explore the correlation between gambling disorder and ADHD, plus other neurodivergent conditions and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that can be greatly exacerbated by social, emotional and environmental factors.
In those diagnosed with ADHD it was found that 80% were likely to develop a co-occurring psychiatric disorder over their lifetime, with the presence of ADHD being a high indicator for the development of addictive behaviors. Another study from Cambridge University found that those with ADHD or ASD had higher rates of antisocial behavior that leads to developing interest that can be done in isolation, such as gambling.
The symptoms of ADHD and other neurodivergent conditions can present as attention span deficits, hyperactivity and impulse control issues. In a longitudinal study, those who have reported or been diagnosed with a gambling addiction showed high levels of impulsivity and inability to control these behaviors. Those diagnosed with ADHD had higher levels of depression, anxiety and inability to cope with negative situations and stress versus those who did not have ADHD. Gambling addiction has also been associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety in addition to using gambling as a coping mechanism to deal with stress.
There is still a long way to go in the research and development of treatment for those who are diagnosed with ADHD and gambling addiction. The statistics above show that there is a growing need for both ADHD and gambling addiction treatment programs to have screening tools and indicators to identify one or both of these diagnoses to treat them effectively.
What is neurodiversity? What does it mean?
Neurodiversity is a term that was coined in the 1990s to explain how people experience and interact with the world in many different ways. This concept supports the idea there is no single correct way to think, behave or learn and is often used to describe people with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD and other learning disabilities. The goal of the term neurodivergent is to increase acceptance and inclusion of all people, regardless of their neurological differences.
How does neurodiversity relate to gambling behavior?
Research into the reward-center of the brain found that there tends to be a lower number of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, specifically for dopamine, in those with neurodivergent conditions like ADHD. Addictive behaviors like gambling activate the dopamine production in the brain, which brings on feelings of joy and even euphoria. The longer someone participates in behaviors that trigger dopamine hits, the more the brain craves that fix.
The Oregon Health Authority reported that people who have pre-existing differences in the way they process information, like neurodivergent conditions, have the highest risk of developing a gambling addiction.
What does treatment entail for both? Can medication help?
Treatment for problematic gambling behavior typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication and/or self-help groups. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing are two well known therapies for addictive behaviors. These types of therapies evaluate the triggers, or thoughts and feelings, that lead to negative behaviors, such as gambling. They work to reduce negative outcomes by learning how to cope with the identified triggers.
Neurodiversity Affirming Therapy (NAT) is a therapeutic mindset that works to empower those with neurodivergent conditions, like ADHD and ASD. CBT is a type of therapy utilized in NAT to help someone identify and change negative thought processes. While there is no medication specifically designated for treating neurodivergent conditions, stimulants such as Methylphenidate have been found to reduce symptoms of impulsivity in those with ADHD. Risperdone is another medication that has been prescribed to treat the symptoms of ASD, which helps regulate dopamine in the brain. By stabilizing dopamine, the desire to participate in addictive behaviors such as gambling may be reduced.
Whatever someone’s treatment needs may be, Birches Health has evidence-based treatment options available. If you or a loved one is suffering from gambling addiction, Birches can help you get started:
Schedule an Appointment with a Licensed Clinician: Book time to speak with a Birches counselor.
Reach out to a Care Specialist: Care specialists provide a free consultation to assess behaviors as a first step in your recovery journey.
Help a Friend or Family Member in Need: Confidentially refer a loved one to Birches.
Take a Free and Confidential Assessment: Take a free assessment to evaluate your gambling habits and see if they are problematic.
You can also call 833-483-3838 or email hello@bircheshealth.com to speak with our Birches Health team today.
Sources:
The Relationship Between Problem Gambling and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Gambling and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) in a Population of French Students
Young Adult Gambling Behaviors and their Relationship with the Persistence of ADHD
How gambling affects the brain and who is most vulnerable to addiction
Autism and gambling: A systematic review, focusing on neurocognition
Empowering Neurodivergent Clients: How Neurodiversity Affirming Therapy Can Help
